Abstract:

In order to study the effects of tillage, plant density, N application and transplanting manner on grain yield of hybrid mid-season rice and fertility of logged-water paddy filed, a positioning test experiment was carried out, with hybrid mid-season rice combination Chuanxiang 9838 as material. The results showed that the yield difference of experimental treatment levels were not significant by tillage, application rate，transplanting manner, respectively, but there were highly significant difference by plant density; due to the interaction effects were significantly between experimental factors, according to the final five years of repeated variance analysis showed that the yield of 24 treatments were not significant（F=0.89）. The reason was that the dry matter production and nitrogen uptake from soil were greater of plowing, high density and high nitrogen, but the efficiency of nitrogen utilization of them were lower than those of the low-density treatments. The rice production costs can be greatly reduced under ensuring higher yield with a cultivation techniques（no-tillage, transplanting density 120 000 hiles/hm2, nitrogen fertilizer 120 kg/hm2 and same row-spacing cultivation） in all-time logged-water paddy field. The results showed that the soil fertility were higher under the tillage, high- density and high-fertilization than those of other treatments at the end of the fifth year test. But the results of the experiment after the fifth year test end showed that, the yield of plowing> the yield of no-tillage, the yield of low-density> the yield of high-density. Although the grain yield did not fall, the yield of paddy field fertility has declined after five years of continuous no-tillage with high-density planting.

Key words: all-time logged-water paddy rice, no-tillage, hybrid mid-season rice, plant density, N application, transplanting manner

摘要：

以杂交中稻川香9838为材料，于2010-2015年进行了冬水田耕作方式、栽插密度、施氮量与栽秧方式4个因素对杂交中稻产量影响的定位研究。结果表明， 耕作方式、施氮量、栽秧方式这3个因子各水平间产量差异不显著，密度间产量差异极显著；因各因素间的互作效应显著，24个处理间的产量差异均不显著（F=0.89）。究其原因，翻耕、高密、高氮虽然其干物质生产量高，从土壤中吸收的氮素也较多，但因氮素利用率不如低密处理高，最终没能表现出增产效果。笔者认为，冬水田采用“免耕、栽插密度12万丛/ hm2、施氮量120 kg/hm2和等行距栽培”，可在保证较高产量前提下，大幅降低水稻生产成本。第5年定位结束后，各处理稻田土壤养分析结果表明，翻耕、高密和高施肥量处理下稻田土壤肥力较高，但从第5年定位试验结束后的后效试验（不施肥、相同栽培密度）产量看，翻耕>免耕，密度12.00万丛/hm2>18.75万丛/hm2。可见，在连续免耕和高密种植5年后，虽然产量水平没有下降，但其水稻地力产量下降。

关键词: 冬水田, 免耕, 杂交中稻, 栽插密度, 施氮量, 栽秧方式